Holland


"Legalizing prostitution was infused with the idea of the articulate prostitute, who should get rights and better working conditions. But that image is incorrect…Two thirds of prostitutes are foreign, most often illegal and nobody is registering. The Amsterdam police has a portfolio with 76 violent pimps operating on de Wallen [Amsterdam’s red light district]. Often they stand at the corner, counting the customers of ‘his’ woman, to subsequently collect the money. It is very difficult for
the police to get a case. Pimping is allowed, but exploitation and violence of course are not. But the women do not file reports or retrieve them later on.


— Karina Schaapman, Councilwoman and Former Prostitute Amsterdam"



"Almost five years after the lifting of the brothel ban, we have to acknowledge that the aims of the law have not been reached. Lately, we’ve received more and more signals that abuse still continues. The police admit we are in the midst of modern slavery.192


— Mayor Job Cohen, Amsterdam, January 2006 "

2006http://www.sharedhope.org/Portals/0/Documents/demand_netherlands.pdf 


"  The legalisation of brothels in 2000 has not improved prostitutes' lives, in Martine's opinion. "There is no point working just for tax. That is why the girls are working from the internet and from home – you are less likely to be spotted by the taxman. The whole family used to live off your earnings and now the tax office comes up with crazy amounts you have to pay. It is better for the pimps and the foreigners, but not the Dutch girls. The vultures came in 2000. Organised criminals. They thought, ahah, it is legalised. Now we are OK."

Citat af Louise Fokkens, 70 årig prostitueret i Holland.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2012/sep/17/oldest-prostitutes-amsterdam-70-twins?newsfeed=true



Holland legaliserede prostitution i 2001 ud fra den betragtning, at prostitution alligevel ikke kunne fjernes og så kunne man lige så godt legalisere den. Resultatet var en ultraliberal  prostitutionslovgivning, der gav stort set frie hænder til branchen, da man gik ud fra, at man med en legalisering på den måde ville fjerne den grove udnyttelse af kvinderne og den organiserede kriminalitet, der styrede branchen. Det blev lovligt at drive bordel, hvis blot man havde en ren straffeattest og prostitution blev betragtet som et regulært job på lige fod med andre jobs, med mulighed for at melde sig ind i fagforening.
Den beslutning har de så fortrudt siden hen.

I   2008 udkom rapporten "Schone schijn" (frit oversat til dansk: "Fint skal det være") fra hollandsk politi.  Indholdet i rapporten bevirkede, at det hollandske justitsministerium overtog det oprydningsarbejde Amsterdams borgmester Job Cohen var startet på i Red Light Kvarteret. Desværre er rapporten på hollandsk men det er muligt at få en ret god ide om, hvad der fik justitsministeriet op af stolen, hvis man oversætter dele af den via Google oversæt.  Der er ting i rapporten som tvungen aborter, tvungen brystforstørrende operationer, vold, fiktiv gæld, menneskehandel, angst. Det er Hollandsk prostitution år 2010.


Schone Schijn rapporten refererer til en grov sag (blandt flere) der omfatter over 100 handlede kvinder fra østeuropa - Sneep case. Sagen har tråde til Tyskland. Det man skal lægge mærke til i denne og andre sager, er at de har kunne dække sig ind under lovgivningen og skjule den illegale handel med kvinder bag de lovlige bordeller fordi de samarbejdede med lovlige lokale beboere.


Andre sager er Koolvis (uledsagede flygtningebørn fra Afrika, der forsvandt fra centrene og hvoraf nogle af dem blev fundet igen på bordellerne (andre er aldrig blevet fundet), Ablak (ungarske importerede kvinder) (læs Case 5 - 6 og 7 i OSCEs rapport Analysing the bussiness model of trafficking in human beings to better prevent the crime)

Læs evt. Inge Schepers, Public Prosecutor, National Public Prosecutors’ Office Rotterdam, OSCE:   Operation Sneep: "The frayed edges of licensed prostitution.”
http://www.osce.org/cthb/84652

http://s3.amazonaws.com/rcpp/assets/attachments/1154_osce_business_model_original.pdf



Det nyeste er en meddelse fra hollandsk politi fra januar 2011 , hvor de har lukket to kendte web-sites der annoncerede med escortservice. Endnu engang er det menneskehandel til prostitutionsbranchen. Ejeren af siderne er også eftersøgt i Frankrig for menneskehandel.


Politiet har sendt besked ud til 1300 klienter, der har været inde på siderne.

Læs sagen her: National Crime Squad shuts escort web site down due to human trafficking. Text-messages sent to 1300 clients.http://www.politie.nl/klpd/nieuws/voor_de_pers/110111klpdenompointathumantrafficking.asp

I november 2011 udgav hollands største avis Volkskrant artiklen 'De legalisering van prostitutie is een dekmantel voor seksuele slavernij', hvori Evelien Tonkens klart skriver, at legaliseringen af prostitution var et flop. Mellem 50 og 90 % af de prostituerede er tvangsprostituerede og at legaliseringen for alvor satte skub i hvidvaskningen af penge fra prostitutionsbranchen.
http://www.volkskrant.nl/vk/nl/6268/Evelien-Tonkens/article/detail/3009848/2011/11/02/De-legalisering-van-prostitutie-is-een-dekmantel-voor-seksuele-slavernij.dhtml


At lovgivningen ikke har formået at beskytte de prostituerede beviser denne liste over myrdede prostituerede - listen, der ikke er fuldkommen, beskriver mordsager i perioden 1953 - 2013.
Prostitutiemoorden in Nederland


Videoen Sex Trafficking in the Netherlands beskriver vold, tvungne aborter, trusler mod kvinderne og deres familier, osv.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=W5u2IUF8JUw


Mere fra Holland. Julie Bindel skriver i Standpoint i artiklen " Window Brothels Get the Red Light  i oktober 2012 om Hollands sexindustri: "Jan is a beat police officer assigned to the red-light district. I meet him at 1am as he is checking the window brothels by tapping on them and asking the women if there are "any problems". He is nervous about giving me his full name; he tells me that his chiefs have become increasingly sensitive to criticism. "People are starting to hear that our system has a lot of crime and a lot of violence against the working girls linked to it," he says. "The trafficking problem, and the Turkish loverboys, they are all coming to the surface now. Really we have allowed it by being too adventurous with allowing prostitution to be such an attraction to our city."
http://standpointmag.co.uk/node/4648/full


01.november 2012 skriver Expatica.com i artikelen Many Chinese massage parlours are a front for prostitution: 
Some 50% of the Chinese massage parlours in the Netherlands are a front for illegal brothels, according to the results of a two-year investigation by the public prosecution department.(....)"‘These parlours are shooting up all over Amsterdam, The Hague and Rotterdam,’ department official Warner ten Kate told the Volkskrant. ‘We have been alerted to the fact that a large number of these places offer ‘happy endings’ and other sexual services alongside beauty and relaxation treatments.’Ten Kate said many of the victims of people trafficking don’t dare complain about their treatment because they are frightened of the traffickers or fear loss of face in the Chinese community in the Netherlands or back home."
http://www.expatica.com/nl/news/dutch-news/Many-Chinese-massage-parlours-are-a-front-for-prostitution_249143.html


Det er blevet brugt som argument for at legalisere prostitution, at man bedre kan kontrollere kvinderne for kønssygdomme. Hollands konsulenter i  the communal health care (GGD, der står for kontrol af sexindustrien fortæller i dette link fra 2011 "Dutch experts reveal arduous task in battle against AIDS"  om problemerne med at kontakte de udenlandske prostituerede og kommunikationen med dem.
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90777/7664013.html

I 2008 besluttede det hollandske justitsministerium at udforme et exitprogram for prostituerede. Årsagerne var mange men kort opridset skyldes det:
 " ...debts, the lack of a suitable home (and, as a consequence, the inability to apply for a benefit), psychosocial problems, failing to master the Dutch language, duress and exploitation, addictions, etc. The participants are in many cases confronted with a combination of these factors."
 http://www.defenceforchildren.nl/images/13/1900.pdf

At et land med legal prostitution laver exitprogrammer for prostituerede er en erkendelse af, at prostitution ikke kan betragtes som et normalt arbejde. Intet andet normalt arbejde har exitprogrammer.

Ud over det, er der underligt nok ingen der har bemærket Dekkers evaluering fra 2007 '

Evaluation of lifting the ban on brothels; the social position of prostitutes in 2006 



"While regular employment has advantages (clear rights and duties for the operator and prostitutes, entitlement to welfare provisions), many prostitutes see the disadvantages (loss of anonymity), independence and earnings) as being greater. The prostitutes expect a lot of women to leave the industry rather than enter regular employment, or the seek refuge in the illegal sector. Only a mere 10% would prefer to work in regular employment; the preference is for being self-employed, working in their own business (33%) or in a business that provides service to them (20%).
These ideas are reflected in the prostitutes' assessment of the relative importance of various aspects of working in the prostitution industry. Sick pay, holiday allowances and regular earnings where regarded as least important; anonymity, paying tax as little as possible and avoiding red tape as most important."

http://english.wodc.nl/onderzoeksdatabase/evaluatie-opheffing-bordeelverbod-deelproject-2.aspx

I april 2010 sendte justitsministeriet et lovforslag til behandling i parlamentet med krav om stramninger for prostitutionsbranchen. Det vil indebære, at prostituerede skal være fyldt 21 år før de starter i branchen, de skal være registreret i et nationalt register, bære et idkort med foto, og sættes ind i risikoen ved arbejdet som prostitueret og hvilke alternativer der er til prostitutionsbranchen. Om det vil afhjælpe de enorme problemer prostitutionsbranchen har, vil tiden vise.

Svaret fra De Rode Draad om hævelsen af alderen for prostituerede er, at det vil drive de unge "under jorden".
"She said that raising the minimum legal age would lead more girls into underground, illegal brothels."


Viceborgmester Lodewijk Asscher i Amsterdam vil også lukke for bordellerne i tidsrummet mellem 04 - 08 om natten, da det er det tidspunkt, der er flest voldsepisoder mod kvinderne på bordellerne.
"Closing the brothels after four in the morning will also help the women, Mr Asscher claims. "Between four and eight, only the worst drunks and creeps are about. Most women prefer not to work then, and the most vulnerable women are forced to offer themselves during those hours."


Reuter: "Lodewijk Asscher, who faces re-election in March, said prostitution should be banned between 4 and 8 a.m. to complement existing efforts to fight crime, exploitation and human trafficking in Amsterdam's 800-year-old red light district."
Svaret fra De Rode Draad (hollandske prostitueredes organisation) er, at det er det tidspunkt, der tjenes flest penge!
"This is not a good idea, this is the time when the prostitutes can make the most money," said Metje Blaak, a spokeswoman for the Rode Draad union for prostitutes."
http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE60I3X620100119

Man kan med rette spørge sig selv, hvad betyder mest for branchen: Penge eller menneskeliv. De Rode Draad har givet deres svar!


I både Holland og Tyskland har de prostituerede fået mulighed for, at melde sig ind i fagforening. I Tyskland er det Ver-di - i Holland De Rode Draad (Rode Draad er gået konkurs i 2012) . Efter 6 års legalisering har de i Holland ikke engang fået samlet 3000 medlemmer - dette skal ses i forhold til, at der regnes med ca 25.000 prostituerede i Holland.



I artiklen Street Apart fra 2004 skrevet af Julie Bindel siger Marianne Jonker fra De Rode Draad at kun 100 ud af 25.000 prostituerede er meldt ind i fagforeningen.
" Jonker says prostitution is a job requiring special skills: "More skills than Tony Blair!" Only 100 of Holland's 25,000 prostitutes are union members. "http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/laws/000078.html
Kun 4 % var i 2006 legalt registreret hos skattemyndighederne som prostitueret.

Så "truslen" om, at der vil gå flere prostituerede under jorden virker som en meget hul og tom trussel.


De er allerede gået under jorden og har nok hele tiden været der. Dutch News bragte i feb. 2010 en artikel hvori de skriver: "Fewer than 100 of the 1,100 prostitutes identified by Amsterdam city council health workers are Dutch nationals, the Parool reported on Thursday.
......
The report also shows that some prostitutes are working over 100 hours a week behind the windows and in clubs. "

1
...... The report also shows that some prostitutes are working over 100 hours a week behind the windows and in clubs. "

1
00 timers arbejdsuge
 
Eller som her - DutchAmsterdam: "Baran has been described in press reports as a violent criminal who forced at least 100 women into prostitution. De Telegraaf called him a ‘savage animal’ who forced women to work up to twelve hours a day, took all their income, and enforced his iron rule with baseball bats. Reportedly he also branded some womens’ breasts with his initials.


Last December an Amsterdam court sentenced a gang of pimps and loverboys to prison for up to six years after the criminals were convicted for forcing more than 20 women into prostitution. The men initially began relationships with their victims, some of whom were contacted via online dating websites. Once they had gained trust by plying them with gifts and attention they forced the women into prostitution."

Ikke kun bordellerne har store problemer med vold og tvang men også escortbureauerne kniber det med at overholde lovene.

I følge the Parool 27-03-10 er mange af dem illegale og dermed udenfor enhver form for kontrol.


Last December an Amsterdam court sentenced a gang of pimps and loverboys to prison for up to six years after the criminals were convicted for forcing more than 20 women into prostitution. The men initially began relationships with their victims, some of whom were contacted via online dating websites. Once they had gained trust by plying them with gifts and attention they forced the women into prostitution."

I
kke kun bordellerne har store problemer med vold og tvang men også escortbureauerne kniber det med at overholde lovene.

I følge the Parool 27-03-10 er mange af dem illegale og dermed udenfor enhver form for kontrol. http://www.parool.nl/parool/nl/1244/De-Wallen/article/detail/286185/2010/03/27/Escortbureau-vrijwel-ongrijpbaar.dhtml

Het Parool har bragt flere artikler, der er værd at kigge på.

Man kan vist godt med rette spørge, om det var det, Holland ønskede at opnå med deres legalisering.

Stigmaen lever også i bedste velgående. Hvilket blandt andet ses ved, at bankerne i Holland ikke vil have prostituerede som kunder. Der har også været sager med børn, der ikke kan gå i almindelige børnehaver fordi deres mødre er prostituerede. I følge Britta Thomsen (S), der var i Holland i foråret 2010, har det været nødvendigt, at oprette specielle børnehaver for børn af prostituerede, fordi de er så voldsomt socialt isoleret.

"The offices of `De Rode Draad`, the prostitute headquarters, can be found in the basement of a building which faces one of the canals of the Dutch Venice. Squashed between her coffee maker and tons of paperwork, Metje Blaak, the union`s spokesperson, points out that they won several cases of discrimination. Indeed a bank refused to open an account for a prostitute and a child who was dismissed from nursery school because of his mother`s profession. "


http://www.lankanewspapers.com/news/2007/9/19730_space.html


Rapporter:

Prostitution in the Netherlands since the lifting of the brothel ban af A. D. Daalder udgivet 2007.
Newsletter fra CIROC aug 2008 om organised crime.


Trends and Policies on Women Trafficking in the Netherlands by Damián Zaitch and Richard Staring

Shared Hope -  The Netherlands: Trade and Tolerance Lead to Trafficking

Eighth Report presented by the National Rapporteur in human trafficking 2010


Om Loverboyfænomenet:
http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=8376&LangID=E



Artikler:
NYT fra Holland:
http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/hookersnl-fight-against-people-trafficking

Om id-kort til prostituerede i Holland. 40.000 prostituerede skal udstyres med id card og kunderne skal bede om at se det.






"The Dutch government plans to introduce a ‘hustler' ID card system in a bid to combat illegal prostitution and people trafficking. All of the country's 40,000 prostitutes would be obliged to register with the authorities and prospective clients would have to ask to see the prostitute’s card. A vote on the draft legislation is due in parliament soon.







Just this week police raided four illegal brothels in the eastern Dutch town of Almelo. At one they found a Brazilian prostitute who was a victim of people trafficking. A Venezuelan male prostitute at another of the brothels may also have been working against his will – the investigation continues. Prostitution may have been legalised in the Netherlands in 2000, but that hasn’t prised the business out of the clutches of pimps and criminals.




Om loverboy:http://www.nrc.nl/international/article2522934.ece/Underage_prostitutes_locked_up_while_their_pimps_walk

http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/victims-%E2%80%9Cloverboys%E2%80%9D-not-taken-seriously-dutch-police

Trafficking: Begrebet trafficking kan også dække over "indfødte" kvinder, der bliver tvunget ud i prostitution. http://www.dutchamsterdam.nl/865-human-trafficking-amsterdam-forced-prostitution

http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2010/02/amsterdam_prostitutes_mainly_f.php



"Friday 12 February 2010


Fewer than 100 of the 1,100 prostitutes identified by Amsterdam city council health workers are Dutch nationals, the Parool reported on Thursday.

And some 60% of women working in the city's red light district brothels and clubs come from Eastern Europe, the report by the prostitute's health centre said. The centre claims to reach about 30% of the city's prostitutes.

The report also shows that some prostitutes are working over 100 hours a week behind the windows and in clubs. "


"The Dutch prostitutes' pressure group De Rode Draad (The Red Thread), reports that the number of brothels in the Netherlands has decreased dramatically since they were legalised. The organisation notes, however, that the number of saunas and massage parlours has increased. It seems the illegal sector is growing.


Legalising prostitution seemed like a good idea on paper. In the year 2000, when the law banning brothels was abolished, it was believed this would significantly improve the working conditions of prostitutes. However, the Rode Draad was recently commissioned by the Ministry of Social Affairs to investigate the effects of legalising the trade. Against all expectations, the investigators came across all manner of abuses.
....
"Employment contracts


Officially, legal prostitutes are free to work as self-employed business people, but in practice most work for sex companies where the owner (usually male) calls the shots. The Rode Draad says they have often signed crippling contracts that require them, for example, to work 16 hour shifts, to obey clothing requirements, never to turn down customers, et cetera.
....

"Sex slavery


Even though prostitutes complain about their working conditions, things are much worse in the illegal circuit. Amsterdam councillor Roel van Duijn, who represents the GreenLeft party, has spent several years looking at the illegal sex circuit and the trade in women.."
Roel van Duijn ønsker helt at forbyde prostitution.
De Rode Draad er de prostitueredes egen organisation i Holland.
http://amsterdam-red-light-district.info/news/70-tough-times-in-the-red-light-district.html


Kriminalitet:http://www.topnews.in/german-police-investigating-brothels-chain-2195248
Link mellem Tyskland og Holland.
http://www.dutchamsterdam.nl/258-infamous-amsterdam-brothel-yab-yum-must-close

http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2008/01/hells_angels_own_yab_yum_broth.php


http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7005768.stm

http://static.rnw.nl/migratie/www.radionetherlands.nl/currentaffairs/ned061031mc-redirected

http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article5400641.ece

http://www.expatica.com/nl/news/dutch-news/Dutch-fed-up-with-liberal-reputation-_48327.html

http://www.parool.nl/parool/nl/1244/De-Wallen/article/detail/179161/2009/02/21/Prostituee-Berti-vermoedelijk-vermoord-om-geld.dhtml

http://www.flarenetwork.org/learn/europe/article/netherlands_police_crack_gang_trafficking_women_to_netherlands.htm

http://www.expatica.com/nl/news/dutch-news/Utrecht-clamps-down-on-prostitution_47064.html
 
http://www.dutchamsterdam.nl/712-chinese-massage-parlors-amsterdam

http://crossroadsmag.eu/2009/02/dutch-authorities-register-809-human-trafficking-victims/

http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/World/Story/A1Story20091204-183926.html

http://static.rnw.nl/migratie/www.radionetherlands.nl/currentaffairs/071026-trafficking-Nigeria-redirected


http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/devils-bargain

http://static.rnw.nl/migratie/www.radionetherlands.nl/currentaffairs/ned061031mc-redirected
(henvisning til en rapport lavet af De Rode Draad i 2006)